- Although. 2. In spite of. 3. Despite.
Podemos traducirlo por “a pesar de, aunque “
Usando estas conjunciones, formulamos dos cláusulas separadas por una coma.
A diferencia de
- However 5. Nevertheless, que significan lo mismo , pero que separan la idea en dos frases con un “punto y seguido. No obstante, aún así.
- Yet / And yet. Con todo y con eso, y aún así… Se usa para indicar un poco más de sorpresa o extrañeza que en los otros casos, pero es una diferencia sutil.
- Although
After “although” we use
a subject + verb:
- Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
- I didn’t get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare the meaning of although and because:
- We went out although it was raining.
Salimos a pesar de estar lloviendo.
- We didn’t go out because it was raining.
No salimos porque estaba lloviendo.
- “In spite of” 3. “Despite”.
Significan lo mismo. A pesar de que los angloparlantes tienden a simplificar, usan mucho más in spite of (tres palabras) que despite (una sola)
After “in spite of” or “despite”, we use
- a noun,
- a pronoun (this/that/what etc.)
- or –ing: en caso de ir seguido de un verbo… SIEMRE EN GERUNDIO.
- In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
- I didn’t get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications.
- She wasn’t well, but in spite of this she went to work.
- In spite of what you said yesterday, I still love you.
“Despite” is the same as “in spite of”. Note that we say ‘in spite of, but “despite” (without ‘of’):
- She wasn’t well, but despite this she went to work, (not ‘despite of this‘ xxx )
You can say ‘in spite of the fact (that)…’ and ‘despite the fact (that)…’:
I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications
I didn’t get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications.
Compare in spite of and because of:
- We went out in spite of the rain, (or …despite the rain.)
- We didn’t go out because of the rain.
Compare although and in spite of / despite:
- Although the traffic was bad. I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad xxx )
In spite of the heavy traffic, I arrived on time.
(not in spite of the traffic was bad xxx )
I couldn’t sleep although I was very tired (not despite I was tired xxx )
I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired (not despite I was tired)
- However 5. Nevertheless. No obstante, aún así, pero, …
Nevertheless.
Para expresar la misma idea puedes usar nevertheless o however.
Aunque no hay ninguna regla fija, el uso suele ser distinto
Nevertheless:
Primera oración: una situación adversa, pesimista o negativa. Nevertheless, conclusión positiva, feliz, agradable.
(- negative) . Nevertheless, +++(happy)
Era pobre. Aún así, Teresa se enamoró de él.
He was poor. Nevertheless, Therese fell in love with him.
However: pues se usa de manera inversa.
+++++, negative
John era rico. Sin embargo nunca tuvo una vida agradable.
John was rich. However, he never had an agreable life.