155.-Verbos seguidos de gerundio o infinitivo. Advance.

 

Verbs+ only gerund vs. only infinitive list

 

1.1. Verbs+ only gerund

Algunos verbos son siempre seguidos de un gerundio (verbo terminado en -ing).

No pueden ser seguidos por un infinitivo.

Entre este tipo de verbos se encuentran:

 

1. To admit

I didn´t admit having done it

Charles admits having done it.

 

Ahora un ejemplo tomado de las noticias BBC. Citamos la fuente

 

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35850625

 

“A suicide bomb attack at a busy shopping area in the Turkish city of Istanbul has killed at least four people, officials say.

Three Israelis and an Iranian died, Turkish media reports. Another 36 people were injured in the blast near a government building on Istiklal Street.

No-one has admitted carrying out the attack, the latest in recent months.

 

2. Anticipate

 

3. Apreciate : agradecer

I apreciate having the raise. Agradezco la subida de sueldo.

 

 

4. To avoid

I sympathize with people and would tell a white lie to avoid hurting their feelings.

 

Everyone in her department avoids talking to Lisa, she is ever ready to argue and fight for no reasons at the drop of a hat.

moving hand in hand to avoid losing each other= avoid + gerund (Guns of August page 319.20)

 

 

4.1. What kind of guys do you avoid running into?

4.2. I avoided making a fool of myself

4.3. She avoided the stairs and took the elevator instead

4.4. They avoided the disaster by moving away from New Orleans before the hurricane.

4.5. What sports do you avoid taking part in and why?

4.6. What fish do you avoid (eating) (in order) to help the environment?

4.7. What should we avoid (in order) to make sure that we don´t lose money in the stock market?

4. 8. I avoided running into her

 

 

5. bother… ni te molestes en, olvídate de

Don´t bother going there/ to the museums…

 

6. To complete

 

7. Consider.

• My parents never cosidered movingto another country.
• Mis padres nunca han pensado en mudarse a otro país.
• Danny and Liz aren’t considering havinga baby at the moment
• Danny y Liz no están pensando en tener un bebé en este momento.

 

8. defend

 

 

9. Delay   delay coming until the last posible moment.

 

10. Deny:

 

11. Despise

 

12. detest –
13. Discuss –

 

14. Dislike –

 

15. enjoy.

• Claire enjoys livingin Prague.
• A Claire le gusta vivir en Praga.

 

16. escape –

 

17. excuse

 

18. finish   i´ve just finished writing the report. SIEMPRE EN GERUNDIO… unlike “to begin” or to start. (unlike = a diferencia de)

Miss Taylor hadn’t finished explaining the photosynthesis.

La señorita Taylor no había terminado de explicar la fotosíntesis.

 

19. fancy; apetecer…

¿Do you fancy eating out? Te apetece comer fuera?

20. imagine
21. involve. Este es un verbo muy interesante. Vamos a hacer hincapié en él (to point out, resaltar, hacer hincapié)

21.1.( — + doing)supone, significa, implica. Buying a car usually involves getting a loan from the bank.

21.2 (involve + yourself in something)

21.2.1. participate: participar activamente. I think you should involve yourself in social activities and make new Friends.

21.2.2. become entangled.meterse, involucrase, inmiscuirse: Don´t involve yourself in in other people´s affairs.

21.3 (involve somebody+ in something= include in: He was involved in the decision-making process.

21.3 (involve somebody+ in doing something= include in doing: tener en cuenta a alguien para algo .

We would like to involve the staff in deciding what meassures to take in the near future. I would like to be involved in deciding where to go for the summer holidays.

 

 

 

22. mention

 

23. mind.

Do you mind closing the door? ¿Te importa cerrar la puerta?

I don’t mind doing the dishes.

No me molesta (importa) lavar los platos.

 

24. miss.

 

26. postpone –

• Brown had postponed travellingto India.

La señora Brown había postergado viajar a la India.

 

27. practice – –
28. recall –
29. recollect
30. recommend –
31. Report.

32. resent

[rɪˈzent] VT I resent that! → ¡ me molesta que digas eso!

he resents my being here → le molesta que (yo) esté aquí
I resent your tone →Encuentro tu tono ofensivo
He resented my promotion → le molestaba que me hubiesen ascendido
He resents having lost his job → no lleva bien lo de haber perdido el trabajo, le amarga haber perdido el trabajo
he resented the fact that I married her → le le molestaba que me hubiese casado con ella.
She resents having to look after her mother → le amarga tener que cuidar de su madre.

I resented him because he was her favourite: Tenía celos de él porque era el preferido de ella.

• Some people resent being
• A algunas personas les molesta /ser criticadas/ que les critiquen.

33- resume –

34. risk –
35. Suggest

I suggested having/taking/ a break.

• John suggested goingto the mountain for the holidays.

John /sugirió/propuso/ que fuéramos a la montaña en vacaciones.

36. Resist
37. Spend

 

38 = tolerate –

Mr. Phillips has never tolerated being late.

El señor Phillips nunca ha tolerado que se llegue tarde.

 

39. understand.

 

Por ahora serán suficientes

 

           

Some expressions in English are followed by gerunds.

For example:
1 There’s no point in… – No tiene ningún sentido que…

There’s no point in taking the car. We’ll never find a place to park.

-2. I can’t help: no puedo evitar, no puedo por menos que…

… – I can’t help thinking how stupid I was not to do what you suggested in the beginning.

• Grace can’t help laughingwhen she sees that poster.

Grace no puede evitar reírse cuando ve ese poster.

3. Can´t imagine

I can´t imagine him asking for a pay rise

4. Can´t resist

(can’t) see

 

5. I can’t stand… –

I can’t stand hanging on the phone and listening to stupid music when companies put me on hold.

6. Have a problem/Have (some) problems/Have no problem… – I’m afraid I’m havingproblems understanding your accent.
7. Have trouble = me cuesta , tengo problemas para,

 

Ana: Why did she move ?

Peter: She had trouble living there

 

8. To feel like

Do you feel like going out?

¿Te apetece salir?

9. It’s no use… no sirve de nada

– It’s no use asking Simon to give you a lift. His car’s being repaired.It´s no use complaining about it now. Ahora no irve de nada quejarse.

 

 

10. It’s a waste of time/money… – It’s a waste of money buyingmobile phone applications when there are so many good free ones available.

Aunque no hace falta repetir que un verbo con preposición irá seguido de gerundio, lo recordamos aquí:

Keep (on) I would keep on waiting for a better offer.

Yo seguiría esperando una oferta mejor.

Put off

get through –

give up.

• Kelly has recently given up studying.

Kelly ha dejado recientemente los estudios.

Be good/bad/ at : se me da bien/mal ,,, jugar al tenis

Carry on

Look forward to . I´m looking forwart to meeting your fiancé. Me hace mucha ilusión conocer a tu prometido.

Be used to

Get used to…

 

 

Verbs+ only infinitive

 

1. Afford.

Poder pagar, poder permitirse el lujo de

I can´t afford top ay for a new car.

 

2. To Agree
3. Appear:: seem:: parecer,

 

4. Arrange

 

5. Ask

I asked her to answer me as soon as posible.

 

6. Attempt

He attemted to reach a conclusion.

 

7. Choose

 

8. Claim::

8.1 assert:: asegura, sostiene que, dice que (pero yo no me lo creo del todo),

He claims to talk to aliens everyday

He claims to have done it. Dice que lo ha hecho.

They claim to be super patriots….

They claim to be wise, but they support D Trump

They claim to know God, but…… I doubt it.

He claims to be your friend. Dice que es tu amigo…. Ha ¡!

8.2. reclamar, reivindicar (el derecho a), decir que tienes derecho a..

She claims a right to participate in the finals, base don her defeat of all opponents so far: reivindica el derecho a participar en la final, ya que, hasta ahora, ha derrotado a todos sus contrincantes.

.-.-.-.

 

9. Decide

He decided to give up smoking.

 

10. Expect

 

11. Hope*

 

12. Learn:: 1. aprender 2. Enterarse de algo, por casualidad, por haberlo oído algo en algún sitio.

 

 

13. Manage = conseguir hacer algo

 

 

14. Offer

 

15. To plan: planificar, pensarse algo,

 

16. Pretend = FINGIR…ojo.. ¡! Pretender es: to intend (ver inf o gerundio sin cambiar de significado)

 

17. Promise =

 

 

18. Refuse
19. Seem

 

20. Want

 

21. Wish.

 

Otros usos del verbo + infinitivo

Used to   antes + imperfecto antes iba , antes era,,,, solía,,,

Con un complemento indirecto

 

Advise… I advised you to…

Invite

Persuade

Teach

Tell (mandato o mandato indirecto… dile a Marta que traiga..) Tell Marta to

Warn… I warned him not to come here. Le advertí que no viniera…

 

 

Verbs+ gerund or infinitive… sin cambiar de significado

 

1. to begin

Pecotic began committing crimes early in life and was a ward of the state by age 14.

 

2. To intend: tener la intención de, pretender hacer

 

3. to forbid: prohibir
4. like

 

5. love

 

6. Prefer

Jack prefers listening to his MP·3 player than/to listening to the radio

 

7. Propose.

 

8. Start

 

Acabo de empezar a ir a clases de yoga.

I’ve just started going to yoga classes.

 

Empezad a escribir cuando os lo diga.

Start writing when I say so.

 

¿Podéis empezar a quitar la mesa?

Can you start clearing the table?

 

No empecé a aprender inglés hasta que tenía 20 años

I didn’t start learning English until I was 20.

 

El alcalde ha empezado a combatir el fraude fiscal.

The mayor has started fighting tax fraud.

 

Los británicos tienden a utilizar el gerundio más que el infinitivo mientras que los norteamericanos no tienen preferencia.

 

Cuando llegamos al parque, empezó a llover.

When we got to the park, it started to rain.

 

Ella empezó a llorar cuando le conté la noticia.

She started to cry when I told her the news.

 

Empezamos a tener miedo cuando vimos las medusas.

We started to feel afraid when we saw the jelly fish.

 

¿Puedes empezar a prestar un poco más de atención, por favor?

Can you start to pay a bit more attention, please?

 

Él sólo empezará a relajarse después de un par de días de vacaciones.

He’ll only start to relax after a couple of days on holiday.

 

Él sólo empezará a relajarse después de un par de días de vacaciones.

 

She started to walk through the market.

Élla comenzó/se puso/ a caminar por el mercado.

 

9. Continue

 

• ·······························

 

Por último vemos un capítulo interesante

 

Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or –ing form but with different meanings.

Here are some common ones:

• I stopped smoking last month. (I no longer smoke.) 
Dejar de hacer algo
• I stopped to smoke a cigarette. (I stopped what I was doing and had a cigarette.) 
Parar, quedarse quieto..(movimiento) para hacer otra cosa.
• I remember telling him. (A memory of the past.) 
Un español tendrá la tendencia a decir : I remember having told him. No hay problema: suena muy elegante. Se usa menos y tienes que acostumbrarte a que los angloparlantes usan mucho remember+ -ing en un sentido de pasado.
• I must remember to tell him. (Something to remember for the future.) 
Tengo que acordarme de decirselo.

 

• I’m interested in finding out more details. (Interested about the future.)
• I was interested to read his report. (Interested in the past.)

REGRET

Cambia de significado según lo que siga

I regret giving my black leather jacket away… Me arrepiento de haber dado mi cazadora negra de cuero .

We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected

Lamentamos comunicarle que su solicitud ha sido rechazada.

I regret not reading his report.

2. forget (con distinto significado)

to:: futuro

gerund:: pasado.

Don´t forget to tell him…. No te olvides de decirle

I forgot filling up the tank…. Olvidé echar gasolina

3. Hate (con distinto significado)

to:: futuro

gerund:: pasado.

I hate to tell you… Me sabe muy mal tener que decirle

I hate telling that to her. No me gusta nada haberle dicho eso.

 

I´m afraid to fly ( voy a volar enseguida, estoy a punto de volar, )

Qué miedo me da tener que volar ahora.

 

I´m afraid of flying (en general, siempre)