Conjunctions of contrast differences adversatives
Conjunciones adversativas
- a) UNLIKE = Differently, as opposed to…a diferencia de….
ex: He never interrupts people when they speak, unlike his opponent.
ex: Unlike my brother, I have never driven my Dad’s precious car!
- b) CONTRARY TO + NOUN/ WHAT : A diferencia de….., ……al contrario de ,….
ex: He wasn’t born in Paris, contrary to what he declared…
ex: Contrary to popular opinion, he was elected easily…
- c) WHEREAS/WHILE + clause = to express a contrast = An opposition between the result of the actions expressed about two persons, two objects, two ideas –
ex: I love meat and fish whereas my sister is a vegetarian!
ex: In a village, everybody knows everyone, whereas in NYC, you can go unnoticed!
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/whereas
We use the conjunction whereas to indicate a contrast between two facts or ideas:
He loves foreign holidays, whereas his wife prefers to stay at home.
Whereas most new PCs have several USB slots, older ones often only had one.
Whereas means the same as while in sentences expressing contrasts.
It does not mean the same as while when while refers to time:
The south has a hot, dry climate, whereas/while the north has a milder, wetter climate.
The secretary took care of my appointments while I was away from the office.
Not: … whereas I was away from the office.
OJO: while también puede ser temporal: “mientras” pero whereas no funciona en este contexto temporal.
- d) INSTEAD OF + Noun/pronoun OR Gerund or possessive adjective= As opposed to + gerund= contrary/against
Is a very way to say “not this, but that”, but it´s a little bit more polite
As opposed to running, I prefer swimming
Rather than running, I like swimming
1st level: I like running more than swimming or I prefer running to swimming
As opposed to having the meeting today why don´t we have it next week?
Muchos estudiantes piensan que to SIEMPRE es parte de un infinitivo… No es cierto: como ves, aquí, es una preposición…. Y después de una preposición si viene un verbo….. este va en gerundio
Blended pronuntiation: azopoustu: the “d” sound gets dropped (like in “used to”)
As opposed to this week, how about next week?
ex: I’m sorry, he watched TV instead of doing his homework!
ex: Please, I’d like to be served meat instead of fish …
- e) ON THE CONTRARY – DIFFERENT FROM ; adjective OPPOSITE
ex: Yes! They’re twins, but Paul really insists on being different from Jim! (‘different… than’ is frequently heard in the USA)
ex: He told you to turn right and you took the opposite direction !
- HOWEVER
- This restaurant has the best kitchen in town. However, their staff are quite rude.
- IN CONTRAST
- House prices have gone up this year. In contrast, car prices seem to be stagnating.
- NEVERTHELESS
- I was in so much pain I didn’t want to get up in the morning. Nevertheless, I went to football practice as usual.
- NONETHELESS, en cualquier caso
- I don’t think Sean has serious behavioural problems. Nonetheless, I’ll talk to him first thing in the morning.
- YET: con todo y con eso,
- I’ve asked you a thousand times not to leave your dirty socks on the floor. Yet, you keep doing it. También verás “And yet” enfatizando Y a pesar de todo ello,….y aunque parezca mentira….
- ON THE OTHER HAND: pero por otra parte
- England has the best language schools. On the other hand, it has the worst weather.
- BY COMPARISON/ in comparison with
- Going out with Jim has its risks. By comparison, being with Tim is as easy as falling off a log.
- ON THE CONTRARY
- I don’t hate Jim. On the contrary, I’m rather fond of him.
- INSTEAD
- I didn’t want to take a side in the argument. Instead, I put my headphones on and listened to some smooth jazz. También se usa mucho al final de la frase… I didn’t want to take a side in the argument. I put my headphones on and listened to some smooth jazz, instead.
- IN ANY CASE
- I was thinking of going round Jim’s place. In any case, I haven’t been invited.
- ALL THE SAME
- Yes, he’s very good-looking. All the same, I don’t think you should go out with him.
Conjunciones
Conectors Adversatives
Añaden una negación a la frase anteriormente mencionada, una frase opuesta a la otra. Por ejemplo: but, however, yet, still, instead, on the contrary.
but – pero
however – sin embargo
nonetheless / nevertheless – sin embargo
yet / even so – sin embargo, aun así
still – sin embargo
instead – en su lugar, en lugar de ello
on the contrary – por el contrario
but – pero
- He spoke clearly, but I didn’t understand him.
- Habló claramente pero no lo entendí
- She saw me, but she didn’t recognize me. Ella me vio pero no me reconoció.
however – sin embargo
- They were not having fun; however they stayed until the party was over.
- Ellos no se estaban divirtiendo; sin embargo se quedaron hasta que la fiesta terminó.
- He doesn’t study much; however he gets good grades at school. El no estudia mucho; sin embargo obtiene buenas notas en la escuela.
nonetheless / nevertheless – sin embargo
- It was very stormy; nevertheless we went fishing. Estaba muy tormentoso; sin embargo fuimos de pesca.
- She had no experience; nonetheless she got the job. Ella no tenía experiencia; sin embargo consiguió el trabajo.
yet / even so – sin embargo, aun así
- He was a very good swimmer; even so, he drowned.
- El era un muy buen nadador; y aún así, se ahogó.
- He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn’t. El quería contestar a esa acusación; sin embargo no lo hizo.
still – sin embargo
- Jack didn’t study for the test; still he managed to pass it.
- Jack no estudió para la prueba, no obstante, logró aprobarlo.
- He can not speak very well; still he understands everything. No puede hablar muy bien, sin embargo, entiende todo.
instead – en su lugar, en lugar de ello
- I was invited to a party on Saturday, but went to bed instead. Fui invitado a una fiesta el sábado, pero me fui a dormir en lugar de ello.
- I am not going out tonight. Instead, I will stay home and cook something. No saldré esta noche. En cambio, me quedaré en casa y cocinaré algo.
on the contrary – por el contrario
- The boy is not dumb; on the contrary, he’s very smart for his age.
- El muchacho no es tonto; al contrario es muy inteligente para su edad.
Condors are solitary birds. On the contrary, seagulls live in flocks. Los cóndores son aves solitarias. Por el contrario, las gaviotas viven en bandadas.
- ¿Can you expand on it? ¿Puedes ampliar esta información?
Con mucho gusto. Verás:
However:: sin embargo
Nevertheless:: no obstante
Aunque sean parecidas, en inglés se usan en contextos diferentes.
We´re going to look at two conjunctions now which are virtually almost synonimus.
The difference is of course that rather like in Spanish we use “however” to link two ideas together, the first one being a positive idea and the second a negative one.
I´m happy. However I´m very tired.
Nevertheless, no obstante is used in exactly the opposite way. We start with the negative idea + nevertheless and we follow it with a is a positive idea.
There are many many exceptions….
Está lloviendo y no obstante voy a dar un paseo.
It´s raining but nevertheless I´m going to go for a walk.
Estoy contento con el proyecto. Sin embargo, estoy preocupado por los costes.
I´m happy about the project. However , I´m worried about the costs.
On the other hand, while and whereas
AUGUST 7, 2013 –
These words or phrases have similar uses, but the grammar is not quite the same. On the other hand (por el contrario) is a conjunctive adverb. It is used to compare two situations or two people and to show that there is an important difference between them.
- In many Middle Eastern countries, it is quite common for parents to find suitable brides and grooms for their children. On the other hand,arranged marriages are unusual in the West.
- I like living in the city. My wife,on the other hand, prefers the countryside.
The same idea can be expressions using the conjunctions while and whereas.
- Whilearranged marriages are quite unusual in the West, they are quite common in many Middle Eastern countries.
- I knew that while I preferred sitting in my bed, learning about neutrons and liquid helium, my classmates would rather go outside and play ball games.
- I like living in the city, while / whereasmy wife prefers the countryside.
- While / whereasEnglish has just five vowel sounds, some languages have 30 or more.
- There are just five vowel sounds in English. On the other hand, some languages have 30 or more.
As you can see, there is an important difference between these three sentence connectors. While and whereas are conjunctions. They connect two clauses. On the other hand is not a conjunction. It goes at the beginning of the second clause and is usually separated from the rest of the sentence with a comma.
It can also go in the middle of the sentence. In that case we use two commas to set it off.
- In many western countries, the elderly live in retirement homes run by health professionals. In India, on the other hand,they live with their children and grandchildren.
Other conjunctive adverbs that can be used to express same or similar ideas are: nevertheless, however and in contrast.
